What it is
To earn most FAA certificates and ratings, you pass an Airman Knowledge Test — the “written” exam — as one step toward certification. There are knowledge tests for pilots (private, instrument, commercial, ATP), aircraft mechanics (Airframe & Powerplant), and aircraft dispatchers, among others. The knowledge test is paired with training and a practical test to earn the certificate.
Format & structure
Knowledge tests are computer-based, multiple-choice, administered at FAA-approved testing centers (through PSI). The number of questions and topics depends on the certificate — for example, private-pilot topics include regulations, weather, navigation, aerodynamics, and aircraft systems. You typically need instructor endorsement or eligibility before testing.
How it's scored
Most FAA knowledge tests require about 70% to pass. You receive an Airman Knowledge Test Report listing the areas you missed, which your instructor reviews with you before the practical test. The knowledge-test result is valid for a set period (commonly 24 calendar months) in which you must complete the practical test.
Registration & cost
Schedule through PSI (the FAA's testing contractor) at an approved center; fees are typically around $150–$175 per test. You'll need proper ID and, usually, an instructor endorsement confirming you're ready.
Test dates & timing
Offered year-round by appointment at testing centers. Plan to take the knowledge test during your training so the result stays valid through your practical test.
How to prepare
- Train through a flight/A&P school or CFIGround school and instruction are the core preparation
- Use FAA handbooksThe FAA publishes free official handbooks and the test's knowledge areas
- Practice with test-prep softwareQuestion banks mirror the real topics and format
- Get your endorsementYour instructor confirms you're ready to test
Strategies & tips
- Aim well above 70%A higher score means fewer areas to review before the checkride
- Know the missed areasThe report guides your practical-test prep
- Mind the validity windowComplete the practical test before the knowledge result expires
- Study the regulations and weatherConsistently heavy topics
How scores are used
Passing the knowledge test is one required step toward an FAA certificate or rating — you also need the flight/training hours and a practical test (oral + checkride) with an FAA examiner. Employers and the next rating build on your certificates. It's aviation certification, not college admission.
Accommodations & support
Accommodations for documented needs may be available through the FAA/PSI — arrange them ahead of your test.
Frequently asked questions
- Is the written test all I need?No — you also need training and a practical test (checkride) to earn the certificate.
- What score passes?Typically 70%.
- How long is my result good for?Commonly 24 calendar months to complete the practical test.
- Where do I take it?At an FAA-approved PSI testing center.
- Do I need an instructor sign-off?Usually yes — an endorsement confirming you're ready.
Key facts
- WhatFAA “written” knowledge tests
- ForPilots, mechanics (A&P), dispatchers
- FormatComputer-based multiple choice (via PSI)
- Passing~70%; report shows missed areas
- PlusTraining + practical test (checkride)
Where to learn more
Confirm current details with the FAA: