What it is
Before a child can receive an IEP, the school must complete a comprehensive evaluation to decide whether they have a disability and need special education. The process is free, requires your consent, and uses multiple sources of information — never a single test — to build a full picture of your child.
The process, step by step
- ReferralYou or the school requests an evaluation (you can request one in writing at any time)
- ConsentThe school must get your written consent before evaluating
- Comprehensive evaluationA team assesses all areas of suspected need
- Eligibility meetingThe team reviews results and decides whether your child qualifies under IDEA
- Next stepsIf eligible, the team writes an IEP; if not, they explain why and discuss other supports (like a 504 Plan)
Evaluation & testing
A good evaluation is multidisciplinary and looks at more than academics — it can include cognitive (thinking) ability, academic skills, language, behavior, social-emotional functioning, motor skills, hearing/vision, and observations. Different specialists (school psychologist, speech-language pathologist, teachers, and others) contribute. Federal law generally requires the evaluation be completed within 60 days of your consent (some states set their own timeline).
Your rights & protections
You have the right to consent (or refuse), to be part of the eligibility decision, to receive a copy of the evaluation report, and — if you disagree with the school's evaluation — to request an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE), often at public expense. Re-evaluations happen at least every three years (or sooner if warranted).
What families can do
- Put your request in writingIt starts the clock and creates a record
- Share what you see at homeYour input is part of the evaluation
- Ask what will be assessedAnd by whom
- Get the report in advanceReview it before the eligibility meeting
- Know your options if you disagreeIncluding an independent evaluation
Terms to know
- ReferralThe request that starts an evaluation
- ConsentYour written permission to evaluate
- Multidisciplinary teamThe specialists who evaluate your child
- EligibilityWhether your child qualifies under IDEA
- IEEIndependent Educational Evaluation — an outside evaluation you can request
Frequently asked questions
- Who can request an evaluation?You (in writing) or the school can request one.
- Does it cost anything?No — a school evaluation is free.
- How long does it take?Usually within 60 days of your consent (varies by state).
- What if my child doesn't qualify?The school explains why; you may still get a 504 Plan or other supports, and can request an independent evaluation.
- Can I use a private evaluation?Yes — you can share a private evaluation, and can request an Independent Educational Evaluation.
Key facts
- PurposeDecide eligibility & identify needs
- Starts withA referral (parent or school)
- RequiresYour written consent
- UsesMultiple measures — never one test
- TimelineUsually 60 days after consent
Where to learn more
Learn more and prepare: