What is a Tribal & Native American Schools?
Tribal and Native American schools serve Native American, Alaska Native, and Indigenous students, often integrating Native language, culture, and traditions with academics. Many are part of the federal Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) system or are tribally controlled; Native students also attend public and other schools.
History & origins
Native education in the US has a complex and painful history, including the era of assimilationist boarding schools. Today's emphasis is on tribal self-determination and control, culturally grounded education, and language and cultural revitalization.
Philosophy & approach
These schools increasingly emphasize culturally responsive education, tribal sovereignty, and the revitalization of Native languages and traditions alongside academics — education by and for Native communities.
Curriculum & academics
Academics follow standards while often integrating Native language, history, culture, and community knowledge. Approaches and offerings vary by school and nation.
The classroom & school day
School life may weave in Native language, cultural practices, and community and elder involvement, grounding learning in the students' heritage and community.
Grade levels & structure
Tribal and BIE schools span elementary through high school; some are day schools, some residential.
Admissions & enrollment
BIE and tribally controlled schools primarily serve members of federally recognized tribes and their communities; enrollment processes vary. These schools are generally free.
Costs & financial aid
BIE and tribal schools are generally free (federally funded or tribally operated). Public schools serving Native students are also free.
Accreditation & governance
BIE schools operate under federal oversight; tribally controlled and public schools follow applicable standards. Governance reflects tribal sovereignty and federal partnership.
Is a Tribal & Native American Schools right for your child?
A tribal or Native American school suits Native families seeking an education grounded in their community, language, and culture. Options vary by nation and location; families should explore what is available in their community.
How it compares to other schools
Tribal and Native American schools are defined by whom they serve and their cultural grounding, spanning the federal BIE system, tribally controlled schools, and public schools. They reflect tribal sovereignty in ways other school types do not.
Finding Tribal & Native American Schools
Ready to explore specific schools? K12 Academics lists schools serving Native American students and others across the country.
Key facts
- ServesNative American, Alaska Native, and Indigenous students
- SystemsBureau of Indian Education (BIE) and tribally controlled schools
- EmphasisNative language, culture, tradition, and tribal self-determination
- SettingsDay and residential; also public schools
- CostUsually free
Where to learn more
To learn more and find specific schools: