What it is
Urologists diagnose and treat conditions of the urinary tract and male reproductive system — kidney stones, prostate and bladder disease, cancers, and infertility — medically and surgically.
What you do
They perform urologic surgery (often minimally invasive/robotic), manage stones and cancers, and treat urinary and reproductive disorders.
Training path & length
5-year residency, with fellowships.
Fellowship subspecialties
Fellowships include urologic oncology, endourology, pediatric urology, female urology/reconstruction, and male infertility/andrology.
Pay & job outlook
Physicians are among the highest-paid professionals. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a median wage of $275,930 for physicians and surgeons (May 2025), with employment projected to grow about 4% from 2025 to 2035. Pay varies by specialty — procedural and surgical fields generally earn more.
Urologists earn well above the physician median.
How to get there
Become a physician first: earn an MD or DO, then match into this residency. Licensure requires completing residency and passing the board exams.
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Key facts
- Residency5 years
- TreatsUrinary tract & male reproductive system
- FellowshipsUrologic oncology, endourology, peds, reconstruction
- PayWell above the physician median
- EntryMD or DO via the match