Education in Latvia
Latvia, an EU and Baltic state, runs a state-centered education system with Latvian as the language of instruction and near-universal literacy. Its universities are EU-recognized and Bologna-aligned, and — notably for international audiences — Latvia offers English-taught programs, including in medicine, that attract students from abroad.
Structure & stages
The system is organized as:
- Pre-schoolCompulsory from age 5
- Basic education (grades 1–9)A single-structure school, ages ~7–16
- Secondary (grades 10–12)General (gymnasium) or vocational, leading to university
Compulsory education & enrolment
Education is compulsory from age 5 (pre-school) through basic education (to around age 16). Public education is free, and the school year runs September to June. Latvia has been transitioning its schools toward Latvian-only instruction (phasing out Russian-medium teaching).
Public schools
Most students attend free public schools. Latvia has strong foundations in mathematics and the sciences and offers general (gymnasium) and vocational secondary pathways.
Private & international schools
Latvia has a small private and international-school sector, concentrated in Riga.
Curriculum & language of instruction
The curriculum covers Latvian language and literature, mathematics, the sciences, history, and foreign languages (English is widely taught), with a recent competency-based reform ("Skola2030").
Exams & qualifications
Students take centralized state examinations at the end of secondary school, which certify completion and are used for university admission.
Higher education
Higher education is led by the University of Latvia (Riga, founded 1919, the largest), Riga Technical University, and Rīga Stradiņš University (a major medical university), among others. The system is Bologna-aligned and EU-recognized, and several universities offer English-taught programs.
Studying in Latvia from abroad
Latvia is a growing destination for international students, especially in medicine:
- English-taught medicineRīga Stradiņš University and others run English-medium medical and health-sciences programs that attract international students
- EU recognition & costDegrees are EU-recognized, and tuition/living costs are moderate
- VisaEU students enjoy free movement; non-EU students need a student residence permit
Special education & support
Latvia supports inclusive education, integrating students with additional needs into mainstream schools with support, alongside special schools.
Homeschooling
Home education is permitted in limited circumstances (such as health reasons) at the basic-education level, subject to registration and assessment; it is uncommon.
Costs & funding
Public education is free. Private and international schools charge tuition, and universities charge fees (higher for English-taught international programs). Latvia uses the Euro (EUR).
Key facts for families
- LanguageLatvian (English widely taught)
- StructureBasic education (9) + Secondary (3)
- CompulsoryAges 5–16 (pre-school from 5)
- University entryVia centralized state examinations
- Higher edUniversity of Latvia, Rīga Stradiņš (medicine draws international students)
- School yearSeptember to June
Where to verify the details
This guide is a starting point, not the final authority. For current details: